Document - AI Bulletin Vol.12 No.20, 20 November 2009
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AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
NEWS FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
AI Bulletin Vol. 12 No.20, 20 November 2009
AI Index: ACT 84/020/2009
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Contents:
Amnesty International reports & statements
News articles
Children
Death Penalty
Food Security and Poverty
Health Services
Health Workers
HIV and AIDS
Malaria, TB and Other Diseases
Maternal Mortality
Mental Health
Prisons
Refugees and Migrants
Sexual and Reproductive Rights
Violence against Women
Water and Sanitation
Conferences/Courses
Publications
Amnesty International reports & statements:
6 November: Nicaragua:Amnesty International has expressed concern that the Nicaraguan Supreme Court continues to delay its judgment on the legality of new criminal laws on abortion which entered into force in 2008.
6 November: Saudi Arabia:Amnesty International is aware of at least 137 people currently on death row in Saudi Arabia, of which 106 are foreign nationals. The true figures are believed to be much higher.
http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/foreign-nationals-death-row-saudi-arabia-20091106
9 November: Europe:On the anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, Amnesty International has called for urgent action to tackle abuses against migrants, asylum seekers, detainees and minorities.
10 November: Côte d’Ivoire:Victims of the 2006 toxic waste dumping scandal in Côte d’Ivoire told Amnesty International on Monday that a ruling protecting their compensation was a "small victory".
10 November: Iran:Ehsan Fattahian is to be executed on Wednesday, for his alleged membership of an illegal opposition group. Two other Iranian Kurdish men are also feared to be at imminent risk of execution.
10 November: Paraguay:Amnesty International has condemned the use of apparently toxic pesticides to intimidate an indigenous community after they resisted being forcibly evicted from their ancestral land.
17 November: Egypt: The Egyptian authorities must take immediate and inclusive steps to protect Cairo's poorest inhabitants living in "unsafe areas" where they are at risk from rockslides and other dangers, Amnesty International said in a new report released on Tuesday.
18 November: Haiti:Authorities in Haiti must enact legislation to protect children working as domestic help in conditions that amount to slavery, said Amnesty International ahead of Universal Children’s Day.
http://amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/report/haiti-government-must-eradicate-child-slavery-20091118
20 November: Russia: Amnesty International has welcomed a decision by Russia's Constitutional Court that brings the country a step closer to full abolition of the death penalty. The Court decided on Thursday to extend the current moratorium on executions, which was due to expire in January, and recommended abolishing the death penalty completely.
Children:
International:Despite considerable progress over the past 20 years in improving the lot of the world’s children, including a 28 per cent drop in annual mortality of those under five from 12.5 million to an estimated 8.8 million, their rights are still far from assured, according to a new United Nations report issued today. UN News Centre (19 November):
http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=33012&Cr=unicef&Cr1=
International:Almost 200 million children under the age of five in the developing world suffer from stunted growth due to nutritional deficiencies, according to a new U.N. report. But surprisingly, in the Middle East, wealthier countries have more of a problem than some poorer nations. CNN (19 November):
Kenya: More than 60,000 children and youth live on Nairobi's streets, according to various charity groups. Tens of thousands are at risk of ending up there. Unlike some other cities in Africa, Nairobi's street people aren't always visible. They are banished to the gray industrial parts of the city, often harassed by police, business owners and ordinary citizens. CNN (6 November):
http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/11/06/kenya.street.survivors/index.html
UK:More must be done to protect children in the UK who are sexually exploited, it has been claimed. Only 40 of 209 local authorities offer specialist services as part of their Children and Young People Plans, despite recent government guidance recommending greater focus on vulnerable young people, a report from charity Barnardo's indicates. Charities Aid Foundation (18 November): http://www.cafonline.org/Default.aspx?page=18407
Zimbabwe:Tens of thousands of children have been sexually abused in Zimbabwe in a growing epidemic that has shocked human rights activists. A single clinic in the capital, Harare, says it has treated nearly 30 000 girls and boys who were abused in the past four years -- an average of 20 per day. Mail and Guardian Online (10 November): http://www.mg.co.za/article/2009-11-10-child-rape-epidemic-in-zimbabwe
Death Penalty:
China:Beijing will adopt lethal injection next year for all death row inmates, and a lethal injection room has already been set up in the capital, Beijing Youth Daily reported. China Daily (5 November): http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-11/05/content_8918825.htm
Uganda:A Ugandan government bill that is advocating the death penalty for gay people will hinder the country's fight against HIV/AIDS, legal experts and activists warned this week. Under the anti-homosexuality bill, now going through parliament, anyone repeatedly "caught" having sex with someone of the same sex faces the death penalty, while people who touch each other in a "gay way" could be jailed. The Guardian (20 November): http://www.guardian.co.uk/katine/2009/nov/20/homosexuality-bill
Food Security and Poverty:
Africa: Across East Africa and the Horn of Africa communities are facing starvation thanks to a drought that may be the worst in a decade or more. Global Post(7 November): http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/kenya/091103/kenya-battles-recurring-drought?page=0,0
Ethiopia:Ethiopian opposition parties said on Wednesday that their members were being refused food aid to force them to join the ruling party before national elections are held in May next year. Reuters (11 November): http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLB12476._CH_.2420
Ethiopia:The UN warns that 6.2 million Ethiopians will need some sort of food aid in the coming months. The Government also seems highly sensitive to the idea that it needs help. Meles Zenawi, the Prime Minister, would rather the world took notice of his position representing Africa in the climate change negotiations next month than his country’s never-ending dependency on food aid. Times Online(18 November): http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article6920816.ece
Malawi:Climate change has destroyed once-fertile lands in the African nation of Malawi and continues to have an adverse effect on the lives of rural people, it has been claimed. Charities Aid Foundation (10 November): http://www.cafonline.org/Default.aspx?page=18362
Philippines:The UN has warned of serious health risks and food security problems over a lack of funding to assist the Philippines after the country was hit by three major storms and typhoons. IRIN(18 November): http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=87094
Sudan:Southern Sudan faces potential famine and the risk of further ethnic conflict, with over one million people already hit by serious food insecurity, the UN Children’s Fund deputy head warned Sunday. Agence France Presse (8 November): http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jUgQb-NIwaBP-8iba437Q4NfZ2vw
Uganda:People and livestock in north-east Uganda face long treks in search of water and pasture. Resources close to the kraal (an enclosure for livestock) have already been exhausted and with the failure of the rains the daily trek gets longer. With another year of failed rains the threat of raids andinsecurity has risen. Oxfam (11 November): http://www.oxfam.org.uk/applications/blogs/pressoffice/?p=8239&v=newsblog
USA:As the World Food Security Summit got under way in Rome on Monday, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) disclosed that nearly one in six U.S. households went hungry at some time during 2008, the highest level since it began monitoring food security levels in 1995. IPS (16 November): http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=49287
Health Services:
DRC: The medical charity Doctors Without Borders has accused the Congolese Army of attacking the villages of Rwandan refugees as they waited for measlesshots offered by the charity. New York Times (16 November): http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/health/17glob.html?_r=1&ref=health
International: Some of the most widespread forms of malnutrition can best be reduced by delivering micronutrients and fortifying food in new, cost-effective ways, in combination with community outreach work, experts have said. Approaches could range from the obvious - adding iron to flour – to the novel, such as vitamin-enriched chewing gum, a Nairobi conference heard. IRIN (9 November): http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=86945
Nigeria:The Chairman of Kuje Area Council, Hon Danladi Etsu Zhin, has revealed that over 100 villages are denied access to free medical services for pregnant women in Rubochi due to the absence of secondary health care facilities. Leadership Nigeria(16 November): http://allafrica.com/stories/200911161913.html
Health Workers:
UK: Scores of health staff are being attacked while on duty, shocking new figures have revealed. Statistics released by the East of England Ambulance Service (EEAS) show there were 95 assaults during the year covering 2008-09 - up from the previous year's figure of 84. Norwich Evening News (19 November): http://www.eveningnews24.co.uk/content/News/story.aspx?brand=ENOnline&category=News&tBrand=enonline&tCategory=news&itemid=NOED18%20Nov%202009%2016%3A12%3A06%3A750
HIV/AIDS:
Ghana: Over 15,000 Ghanaians are estimated to die annually of the HIV and AIDS disease and a total of 33 milllion people globally live with HIV, according to worldwide statistics as disclosed by Dr Richard Amenyah of the Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC). Public Agenda(13 November):
http://allafrica.com/stories/200911170103.html
International:In its first study of women's health around the globe, the World Health Organization said Monday that the AIDS virus is the leading cause of death and disease among women between the ages of 15 and 44. Time(9 November): http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1936938,00.html
International: Lives of AIDS patients in poor countries could be severely compromised if donors and rich nations continue reducing their funding commitments to AIDS programmes. Health-E(12 November): http://www.health-e.org.za/news/article.php?uid=20032572
Kenya:A planned national survey of men who have sex with men (MSM) will be the first step in the government's plan to incorporate this high-risk group into the country's HIV programme, a senior government official has said. IRIN (9 November): http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=86932
Philippines: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases among the youth in the Philippines "have been increasing at an unprecedented rate," the United Nations representative office in Manila has warned. Philippine Daily Inquirer(20 November): http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20091120-237405/UN-alarmed-by-surge-in-HIV-cases-among-RP-youth
South Africa: South Africa's death rate doubled over the last decade due to the spread of AIDS, the health minister said on Tuesday, blaming the crisis on government policies under former president Thabo Mbeki. Agence France Presse (10 November): http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iGA7QasfIC3DaNrW7lVGvQqBnW4Q
Uganda:HIV-positive women in western Uganda want fewer children than women not living with the virus, but often do not have access to family planning services, a new study reveals. The study of 421 women in the district of Kabarole found that the probability of HIV-positive women wanting to stop childbearing was 6.25 times greater than it was for HIV-negative individuals. IRIN (20 November):http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=87125
Malaria, TB, and Other Diseases:
Africa: People living with cancer are dying on the African continent in terrible pain as they present too late with advanced cancers that are mostly incurable by the time they reach a health worker and if they do reach help most of them find that effective pain medication is not available. Health-e(16 November): http://allafrica.com/stories/200911161913.html
International:Tuberculosis is one of the world's leading killers. Every year at least 9 million people are infected with TB, with almost 2 million deaths, according to estimates from the World Health Organization. Yet few citizens, scientists and policymakers are demanding more attention to TB research, treatment and prevention. Vaccine News Daily(20 November): http://vaccinenewsdaily.com/news/211010-fighting-tuberculosis-should-be-priority-fauci-says
International:With a promising new anti-malaria vaccine in its final stage of testing, researchers around the world are optimistic they are finally making progress toward ending the deadly disease. Voice of America(19 November): http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Researchers-Aid-Groups-Optimistic-About-Malaria-Fight-70573462.html
Kenya:According to Joseph Sitienei, head of the National Leprosy and TB Control Programme at the Ministry of Health, stigma associated with TB infection is a major impediment in rallying people to seek early diagnosis and treatment for the airborne disease. Plus News (19 November): http://www.plusnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=87108
Maternal Mortality:
Cambodia: Though a lack of antenatal-care providers and skilled birth attendants has been one of the most important roadblocks hindering efforts to reduce the maternal mortality rate – which, at 461 deaths per 100,000 live births, is the third-highest in the region – even women who have access to qualified doctors and schedule all the recommended appointments are not guaranteed a safe delivery, said Dr Veng Thai, former Phnom Penh municipal health director.Phnom Penh Post(10 November): http://www.phnompenhpost.com/index.php/2009111029435/National-news/death-points-to-perils-of-maternity.html
Eastern Europe and Central Asia:Despite cutting maternal mortality rates from 51 per 100,000 live births to 24, a recent UN Population Fund (UNFPA) progress report noted that many women in vulnerable groups remain at risk. UN News Centre (12 November): http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=32933&Cr=unfpa&Cr1=maternal
Nigeria: The National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) has said that cases of maternal mortality remain on the increase in the country, even as it announced a drastic reduction in infant mortality across the country. Vanguard(17 November): http://allafrica.com/stories/200911170483.html
Mental Health:
Bulgaria: Itis twenty years since the fall of the Berlin wall, and the collapse of socialist systems in Europe. The first case heard by the European Court of Human Rights since this anniversary deals with a situation which has changed little in the past twenty years: the segregation of hundreds of thousands of people labelled with intellectual disabilities, mental health problems and other types of disabilities. Mental Disability Advocacy Center (11 November): http://www.mdac.info/en/european-court-human-rights-hears-first-social-car
Prisons:
China: A new human-rights report claims that Chinese citizens are kidnapped and held in informal detention centres, known locally as "black jails", to prevent them from bringing complaints to the central government. They risk being subjected to abuses, such as, sexual and physical violence. Al-Jazeera(12 November): http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2009/11/2009111281953905410.html
USA:Delaware's dilemma with prison health care continues to be a perplexing conundrum that has forced the federal government to monitor the state's operations. Delaware Online(20 November): http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20091120/OPINION11/911200326/1004/OPINION/Long-term+contracts+for+prison+health+care+carry+too+many+risks+
Refugees and Migrants:
Bangladesh: Two years after Cyclone Sidr hit the southern coastal districts of Bangladesh, many of the survivors are still homeless and at severe risk from further disasters, officials say.Despite aid efforts, victims still complain of a lack of assistance to rebuild their homes, while officials say more cyclone shelters are needed to protect communities from future storms. Meanwhile, crucial work to prevent flooding remains under-funded.IRIN(20 November): http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=87126
DRC: Renewed clashes in northwestern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have led to a further wave of refugees, leaving corpse-littered villages in the affected area deserted, say humanitarian officials. About 70 percent of the refugees are women and children, 25 percent are young people, with the rest elderly persons, according to Boubacar Ben Diallo, head of the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) crisis unit. IRIN (20 November): http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=87136
Uganda:Hundreds of internally displaced persons (IDPs) who fled clashes between the rebel Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and government forces in the 1990s, and sought refuge in the central district of Masindi, were recently rounded up by local authorities and sent back on trucks to northern districts. IRIN (10 November): http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=86958
Sexual and Reproductive Rights:
Africa:The growth of cellphone use, particularly in the developing world, is providing health experts with a new channel of communication to provide family planning information. IPS (19 November): http://ipsnews.net/africa/nota.asp?idnews=49343
Egypt:The debate over allowing rape victims to undergo abortions in the case of pregnancy following attack has become fraught with tension in the Egyptian Parliament, as MP Mohamed Khalil Quetta called on passing a law that allows victims of rape “to have the right to abortion,” following calls from human rights activists to pass the law, which is being led by the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR). Bikya Masr (11 November): http://bikyamasr.com/?p=5661
Kenya: Three years after the Kenyan government began to promote emergency contraception as part of its family planning strategy, the “morning-after pill” remains as controversial as ever: critics argue that unless the public is better educated about its purpose, it risks undermining the messages of abstinence and protected sex, putting impressionable young people at risk of HIV. IRIN (10 November): http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=86953
Malawi:A plan by Malawi to offer prostitutes low-interest loans to start small businesses in return for abandoning sex work is generating controversy in a country where women are disproportionately affected by high rates of poverty and HIV. Plus News (17 November): http://allafrica.com/stories/200911171110.html
Pakistan: According to the NCMNH-Guttmacher report, the 2002 national study estimated that 197,000 Pakistani women were hospitalized for complications after unsafe abortions. Only about 50 percent of poor women who need treatment for severe abortion complications receive hospital-based care. A study in a large Karachi hospital over a 21-month period reported that 10 percent of women admitted for post-abortion care died of serious complications. IRIN (12 November): http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=86999
Vietnam:The birth rate in rapidly developing Vietnam has dropped in recent years while maternal health and antenatal standards have risen – albeit only for the dominant ethnic groups. Ethnic minorities mostly still give birth at home, without a healthcare worker or midwife, specialists say. IRIN(16 November): http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=87061
Violence against Women:
International:Numerous studies from around the globe confirm the links between violence against women and HIV. These studies show that women living with HIV are more likely to have experienced violence, and that, women who have experienced violence are more likely to have HIV infection. UNAIDS (10 November): http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/Resources/FeatureStories/archive/2009/20091110_VAW.asp
Liberia: Sexual violence consistently comes first or second (after armed robbery) in monthly police crime listings in the capital Monrovia. The majority of rape victims are children, according to treatment centre statistics. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Monrovia reports their youngest survivor at 21 months old. IRIN (19 November): http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=87122
Sudan: Rape victims in Sudan's Darfur region have lost vital medical and psychological support since Khartoum expelled aid agencies working against sexual violence this year, the United Nations and aid workers said. Reuters(11 November): http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKMCD134075._CH_.2420
Turkey:Recently, more and more men are looked upon to become allies in combating violence against women.In Turkey, 250 police officers received training in handling domestic violence and went to train 40,000 of their peers. As a result, police who only dealt with the criminals in the past now understand the needs of survivors. They also write formal reports on complaints and encourage prosecution, rather than sending women back to their families with no action. IPS (17 November): http://www.humanrights-geneva.info/Turkey-partnering-with-men-to-end,6924
Water and Sanitation:
DRC:Kinshasa's population needs an estimated 700,000 cubic metres of water per day. The Régie de distribution des eaux (REGIDESO) produces only 425,000 cubic metres - vast neighbourhoods like Kitokimosi and Mpasa receive almost none of this water. IPS(17 November): http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=49295
Bolivia:For as long as anyone can remember, communities such as the village of Botijlaca have relied on melting ice flowing down from the Chacaltaya glacier as a source of drinking water, to irrigate their crops and water their animals. Now the 18,000-year-old glacier has almost disappeared, reduced to a slither of snow and ice in the space of a few decades as a result of climate change. CNN (20 November): http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/americas/11/18/climate.change.women/index.html
International:The United Nations today marked World Toilet Day, stressing access to proper sanitation as a human right due to all, with a particular focus on “forgotten” prisoners and detainees in state institutions. UN News Centre(19 November): http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=33010&Cr=sanitation&Cr1=
Zimbabwe:Some western suburbs in Harare have been without water for the past week amid fears that the deadly cholera outbreak might resurface. The Herald(17 November): http://allafrica.com/stories/200911170882.html
Conferences/Courses:
4thAfrican Conference on Sexual Health and Rights.
9-12 February 2010, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
This conference is part of a long-term process of building and fostering regional dialogue on sexual rights and health that leads to concrete action to influence policy particularly that of the African Union and its bodies. The purpose of the 4thAfrica Conference on Sexual Health and Rights is to examine the interrelationship between sexuality and HIV & AIDS. For further information see:http://www.africasexuality.org/
International Association for the Treatment Sexual Offenders
1-4 September 2010, Oslo, Norway
We invite you to take part in new reflections and thinking in the field of treatment of sexual offenders. Having behind us years of ‘heavy weight’ on punitive strategies as main reactions to all sorts of criminality, it now seems to be a growing interest for the so-called “Restorative Justice.” The restorative thinking points out restoration for both victims and offenders as central to the way of handling illegal acts. For further information see: http://www.iatso.org/Oslo/
Physician for Human Rights: Health and Human Rights Education in 2010
20 February 2010, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Join over a hundred of the nation’s most passionate students and leading faculty and Deans for PHR’s “Health and Human Rights Education in 2010” National Conference. The 2010 conference is the first of its kind to solely focus on integrating health and human rights into the health education field. The conference will feature exceptional human rights educators and activists and a host of informative and groundbreaking sessions. For further information see: http://conference.phrblog.org/
Securing global health: International Health Regulations (IHR) implementation course
On-the-job distance training: March 2010-June 2010
2-week face-to-face session: July 2010 Annecy, France
This on-the-job training targets public health professionals, mainly belonging to National IHR Focal Points (NFP), but also professionals from other related sectors from national or international organizations, in the public and private sectors. Each cohort of participants will also include WHO staff from country offices and regional offices. For further information see:
http://www.who.int/ihr/training/ihrcourse/en/index.html
Publications:
Chersich MF,Rees HV, Scorgie F, Martin G, “Enhancing global control of alcohol to reduce unsafe sex and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa”, Globalization and Health, 17 November 2009, 5:16. Available online at: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/5/1/16
DFID, “DFID’s policy position on safe and unsafe abortion”, DFID practice paper, October 2009. Available online at: http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications/safe-and-unsafe-abortion.pdf
Elliott R, Utyasheva L, Zack E, “HIV, disability and discrimination: making the links in international and domestic human rights law”, Journal of the International AIDS Society 2009, 2:4. Available online at: http://www.jiasociety.org/content/2/1/4
Hanass-Hancock J, “Disability and HIV/AIDS - a systematic review of literature on Africa”, Journal of the International AIDS Society 2009, 2:9. Available online at: http://www.jiasociety.org/content/2/1/9
Khadr Z, “Monitoring Socioeconomic Inequity in Maternal Health Indicators in Egypt: 1995-2005”, International Journal for Equity in Health2009, 8:38. Available online at: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/8/1/38
Murphy MJ, “Can "Men" Stop Rape?” Men Masculinities; 12(1): 113-130, 2009: Available online at: http://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_162399_20
Peake S, “Meeting Report of the International Policy Dialogue on HIV/AIDS and Disability”, Journal of the International AIDS Society 2009, 2:2. Available online at: http://www.jiasociety.org/content/2/1/2
Tatara K, Okamoto E, “Japan: Health system review”, Health Systems in Transition, 2009; 11(5): 1–164. Available online at: http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E92927.pdf
WHO Regional Office for Europe, “European status report on road safety: Towards safer roads and healthier transport choices”, Copenhagen, 2009. Available online at: http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E92789.pdf
WHO, “Women and Health: Today’s Evidence Tomorrow’s Agenda”, 2009. Available online at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563857_eng.pdf
Zavala D E and Hazen J M, “Understanding Violence: The Role of Injury Surveillance Systems in Africa”,Geneva Declaration Secretariat, Geneva, 2009 Available online at: http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/Geneva-Declaration-Injury-Surveillance-Systems-in-Africa.pdf
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