This briefing summarizes the kinds of acts that the authorities in Hong Kong claim to fall under the category of “endangering national security” since the NSL took effect and documents human rights violations (including the right to free trial) that have been perpetrated under the NSL. It also sets out some of the main relevant international human rights laws and standards and provides recommendations to the Chinese central and Hong Kong governments and the United Nations Human Rights Council to safeguard national security in accordance with international human rights standards.